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1 sočìti
sočìti Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `indicate, accuse'Church Slavic:Russian:Old Russian:Polish:soczyć `slander, abuse' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:sòčiti `establish the guilt of, reveal, find' [verb]Bulgarian:sočá `show, indicate' [verb]Lithuanian:sakýti `say' [verb]Latvian:Indo-European reconstruction: sokʷ-Page in Pokorny: 897Other cognates: -
2 emela
emela; emelo; jьmela; jьmelo Grammatical information: f. ā; n. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `mistletoe'Page in Trubačev: VI 26-27Russian:oméla `mistletoe' [f ā]Old Russian:Czech:jmelí `mistletoe' [n io];melí (dial.) `mistletoe' [n io];Old Czech:jmelé `mistletoe' [n io]Slovak:imelo, jmelo (dial.) `mistletoe' [n o]Polish:Old Polish:Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:ìmela `mistletoe' [f ā];mèla `mistletoe' [f ā];òmela (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā]Slovene:omę́la `mistletoe' [f ā];imę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];mę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];melję̑ `mistletoe' [n jo]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: emel-Lithuanian:ãmalas, ẽmalas `mistletoe' [m o] 3bLatvian:ęmuols (BW);Old Prussian:emelno (EV) `mistletoe'Indo-European reconstruction: emel-o-IE meaning: mistletoeCertainty: -Comments: This plant name is probably a borrowing from a non-Indo-European substratum language. The Slavic forms with *jьm- may be due to popular etymology (the mistletoe's sap is used to produce bird-lime), cf. OCS imati `to take'. An etymological connection with PIE *h₁m- `to take' is doubtful, as is the connection with *H₃eHm- `raw' .Notes:\{1\} The forms with ā- may show the influence of âbuõls `apple, clover'. -
3 emelo
emela; emelo; jьmela; jьmelo Grammatical information: f. ā; n. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `mistletoe'Page in Trubačev: VI 26-27Russian:oméla `mistletoe' [f ā]Old Russian:Czech:jmelí `mistletoe' [n io];melí (dial.) `mistletoe' [n io];Old Czech:jmelé `mistletoe' [n io]Slovak:imelo, jmelo (dial.) `mistletoe' [n o]Polish:Old Polish:Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:ìmela `mistletoe' [f ā];mèla `mistletoe' [f ā];òmela (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā]Slovene:omę́la `mistletoe' [f ā];imę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];mę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];melję̑ `mistletoe' [n jo]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: emel-Lithuanian:ãmalas, ẽmalas `mistletoe' [m o] 3bLatvian:ęmuols (BW);Old Prussian:emelno (EV) `mistletoe'Indo-European reconstruction: emel-o-IE meaning: mistletoeCertainty: -Comments: This plant name is probably a borrowing from a non-Indo-European substratum language. The Slavic forms with *jьm- may be due to popular etymology (the mistletoe's sap is used to produce bird-lime), cf. OCS imati `to take'. An etymological connection with PIE *h₁m- `to take' is doubtful, as is the connection with *H₃eHm- `raw' .Notes:\{1\} The forms with ā- may show the influence of âbuõls `apple, clover'. -
4 jьmela
emela; emelo; jьmela; jьmelo Grammatical information: f. ā; n. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `mistletoe'Page in Trubačev: VI 26-27Russian:oméla `mistletoe' [f ā]Old Russian:Czech:jmelí `mistletoe' [n io];melí (dial.) `mistletoe' [n io];Old Czech:jmelé `mistletoe' [n io]Slovak:imelo, jmelo (dial.) `mistletoe' [n o]Polish:Old Polish:Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:ìmela `mistletoe' [f ā];mèla `mistletoe' [f ā];òmela (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā]Slovene:omę́la `mistletoe' [f ā];imę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];mę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];melję̑ `mistletoe' [n jo]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: emel-Lithuanian:ãmalas, ẽmalas `mistletoe' [m o] 3bLatvian:ęmuols (BW);Old Prussian:emelno (EV) `mistletoe'Indo-European reconstruction: emel-o-IE meaning: mistletoeCertainty: -Comments: This plant name is probably a borrowing from a non-Indo-European substratum language. The Slavic forms with *jьm- may be due to popular etymology (the mistletoe's sap is used to produce bird-lime), cf. OCS imati `to take'. An etymological connection with PIE *h₁m- `to take' is doubtful, as is the connection with *H₃eHm- `raw' .Notes:\{1\} The forms with ā- may show the influence of âbuõls `apple, clover'. -
5 jьmelo
emela; emelo; jьmela; jьmelo Grammatical information: f. ā; n. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `mistletoe'Page in Trubačev: VI 26-27Russian:oméla `mistletoe' [f ā]Old Russian:Czech:jmelí `mistletoe' [n io];melí (dial.) `mistletoe' [n io];Old Czech:jmelé `mistletoe' [n io]Slovak:imelo, jmelo (dial.) `mistletoe' [n o]Polish:Old Polish:Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:ìmela `mistletoe' [f ā];mèla `mistletoe' [f ā];òmela (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā]Slovene:omę́la `mistletoe' [f ā];imę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];mę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];melję̑ `mistletoe' [n jo]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: emel-Lithuanian:ãmalas, ẽmalas `mistletoe' [m o] 3bLatvian:ęmuols (BW);Old Prussian:emelno (EV) `mistletoe'Indo-European reconstruction: emel-o-IE meaning: mistletoeCertainty: -Comments: This plant name is probably a borrowing from a non-Indo-European substratum language. The Slavic forms with *jьm- may be due to popular etymology (the mistletoe's sap is used to produce bird-lime), cf. OCS imati `to take'. An etymological connection with PIE *h₁m- `to take' is doubtful, as is the connection with *H₃eHm- `raw' .Notes:\{1\} The forms with ā- may show the influence of âbuõls `apple, clover'. -
6 mьglà
mьglà; mьgà; miglъ Grammatical information: f. ā; f. ā; m. o Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `mist, haze'Page in Trubačev: XXI 92-94Old Church Slavic:Russian:mglá `mist, haze, darkness' [f ā];Czech:Old Czech:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:màgla `mist, haze' [f ā], mȁglu [Accs];Čak. maglȁ (Novi) `mist, haze' [f ā], maglȕ [Accs], mȁglu;Kajk. mīēglȍ (Bednja) `mist, haze' [f ā], mīēglȕ [Accs] \{1\};mǝgà (dial.) `drizzle' [f ā]Slovene:mǝglà `mist, haze' [f ā], mglè [Gens], mglę̑ [Gens]Bulgarian:măglá `mist, haze' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: migláHLithuanian:miglà `mist, haze' [f ā] 2/4;miẽgas `sleep' [m o] 2;mìgti `sleep, fall asleep' [verb]Latvian:mìegs `sleep' [m o]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: h₃migʰ-leh₂IE meaning: mist, cloudPage in Pokorny: 712Comments: I agree with Mayrhofer (EWAia s.v. meghá-) that we must in principle distinguish PIE. *h₃meiǵʰ- and *h₃meigʰ- (cf. Kern 1894: 106). The former root is present in Lith. mỹžti, Latv. mìzt `urinate', and is, in my opinion, sparsely attested in Slavic. On account of their semantic similarity, the above-mentioned Slavic verbs meaning `to drizzle' are sometimes connected with mỹžti etc. I think that the Slavic etyma listed above show that verbs like *mьžiti are best grouped together with *mьglà. A more complicated issue is the relationship between words meaning `mist, drizzle' (*meigʰ- B `dunkel vor den Augen werden, Nebel, Wolke' in Pokorny) and words meaning `blink, twinkle' (*meigʰ- A `flimmern, blinzeln, micāre'), which I discuss s.v. mȋgъ. Since there is no obvious semantic link between these groups, Trubačëv basically tries to keep them apart, e.g. *mьžiti I `blink, twinkle' vs. *mьžiti II `drizzle' (but Ru.(dial.) mža `doze; drizzle; said about smth. which vanished rapidly' without further distinctions). It is not entirely clear how the meanings `doze, drowsiness' and `swarm (with) `fit in. LSrb. migoriś se `move to and fro, swarm with; drizzle' (Schuster-Šewc 907) is matched by MoDu. (dial.) miggelen (miegelen) `drizzle; swarm with'. Ru.(dial.) mžit' `doze, be delirious' is mentioned by Trubačëv s.v. *mьžiti I, but a connection with *mьžiti I cannot be excluded, cf. SCr. míždati `drizzle, doze', MoHG drisseln `drizzle, doze', drusen `doze', drussig `clouded', Lith. blañdas `sleepiness; cloudiness' (cf. Merkulova 1975: 59). Discussing the origin of the meaning `doze' is essentially the same as establishing the semantic connection between Slavic *mьg- and Lith. miẽgas `sleep', mìgt `sleep, fall asleep', miegóti `sleep' etc. Fraenkel (I 447) considers the meaning of miegóti to have evolved from `close one's eyes' (cf. Kern 1894: 109). This seems plausible indeed. On the other hand, there are parallels for a connection between `sleep' and `cloud', e.g. Av. snaođa- `cloud' vs. Lith. snáusti `doze' or OIr. nél `cloud; swoon, faintness, stupor' (cf. Merkulova 1975: 58-59). As long as there is no evidence for a formal distinction between the roots of *mьglà and *mȋgъ, I think that we must depart from a single root h₃meigʰ-.Other cognates:Skt. meghá- (RV) `cloud, gloomy weather';Skt. míh- (RV, TS) `haze, rain' [f];Notes: -
7 mьgà
mьglà; mьgà; miglъ Grammatical information: f. ā; f. ā; m. o Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `mist, haze'Page in Trubačev: XXI 92-94Old Church Slavic:Russian:mglá `mist, haze, darkness' [f ā];Czech:Old Czech:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:màgla `mist, haze' [f ā], mȁglu [Accs];Čak. maglȁ (Novi) `mist, haze' [f ā], maglȕ [Accs], mȁglu;Kajk. mīēglȍ (Bednja) `mist, haze' [f ā], mīēglȕ [Accs] \{1\};mǝgà (dial.) `drizzle' [f ā]Slovene:mǝglà `mist, haze' [f ā], mglè [Gens], mglę̑ [Gens]Bulgarian:măglá `mist, haze' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: migláHLithuanian:miglà `mist, haze' [f ā] 2/4;miẽgas `sleep' [m o] 2;mìgti `sleep, fall asleep' [verb]Latvian:mìegs `sleep' [m o]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: h₃migʰ-leh₂IE meaning: mist, cloudPage in Pokorny: 712Comments: I agree with Mayrhofer (EWAia s.v. meghá-) that we must in principle distinguish PIE. *h₃meiǵʰ- and *h₃meigʰ- (cf. Kern 1894: 106). The former root is present in Lith. mỹžti, Latv. mìzt `urinate', and is, in my opinion, sparsely attested in Slavic. On account of their semantic similarity, the above-mentioned Slavic verbs meaning `to drizzle' are sometimes connected with mỹžti etc. I think that the Slavic etyma listed above show that verbs like *mьžiti are best grouped together with *mьglà. A more complicated issue is the relationship between words meaning `mist, drizzle' (*meigʰ- B `dunkel vor den Augen werden, Nebel, Wolke' in Pokorny) and words meaning `blink, twinkle' (*meigʰ- A `flimmern, blinzeln, micāre'), which I discuss s.v. mȋgъ. Since there is no obvious semantic link between these groups, Trubačëv basically tries to keep them apart, e.g. *mьžiti I `blink, twinkle' vs. *mьžiti II `drizzle' (but Ru.(dial.) mža `doze; drizzle; said about smth. which vanished rapidly' without further distinctions). It is not entirely clear how the meanings `doze, drowsiness' and `swarm (with) `fit in. LSrb. migoriś se `move to and fro, swarm with; drizzle' (Schuster-Šewc 907) is matched by MoDu. (dial.) miggelen (miegelen) `drizzle; swarm with'. Ru.(dial.) mžit' `doze, be delirious' is mentioned by Trubačëv s.v. *mьžiti I, but a connection with *mьžiti I cannot be excluded, cf. SCr. míždati `drizzle, doze', MoHG drisseln `drizzle, doze', drusen `doze', drussig `clouded', Lith. blañdas `sleepiness; cloudiness' (cf. Merkulova 1975: 59). Discussing the origin of the meaning `doze' is essentially the same as establishing the semantic connection between Slavic *mьg- and Lith. miẽgas `sleep', mìgt `sleep, fall asleep', miegóti `sleep' etc. Fraenkel (I 447) considers the meaning of miegóti to have evolved from `close one's eyes' (cf. Kern 1894: 109). This seems plausible indeed. On the other hand, there are parallels for a connection between `sleep' and `cloud', e.g. Av. snaođa- `cloud' vs. Lith. snáusti `doze' or OIr. nél `cloud; swoon, faintness, stupor' (cf. Merkulova 1975: 58-59). As long as there is no evidence for a formal distinction between the roots of *mьglà and *mȋgъ, I think that we must depart from a single root h₃meigʰ-.Other cognates:Skt. meghá- (RV) `cloud, gloomy weather';Skt. míh- (RV, TS) `haze, rain' [f];Notes: -
8 miglъ
mьglà; mьgà; miglъ Grammatical information: f. ā; f. ā; m. o Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `mist, haze'Page in Trubačev: XXI 92-94Old Church Slavic:Russian:mglá `mist, haze, darkness' [f ā];Czech:Old Czech:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:màgla `mist, haze' [f ā], mȁglu [Accs];Čak. maglȁ (Novi) `mist, haze' [f ā], maglȕ [Accs], mȁglu;Kajk. mīēglȍ (Bednja) `mist, haze' [f ā], mīēglȕ [Accs] \{1\};mǝgà (dial.) `drizzle' [f ā]Slovene:mǝglà `mist, haze' [f ā], mglè [Gens], mglę̑ [Gens]Bulgarian:măglá `mist, haze' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: migláHLithuanian:miglà `mist, haze' [f ā] 2/4;miẽgas `sleep' [m o] 2;mìgti `sleep, fall asleep' [verb]Latvian:mìegs `sleep' [m o]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: h₃migʰ-leh₂IE meaning: mist, cloudPage in Pokorny: 712Comments: I agree with Mayrhofer (EWAia s.v. meghá-) that we must in principle distinguish PIE. *h₃meiǵʰ- and *h₃meigʰ- (cf. Kern 1894: 106). The former root is present in Lith. mỹžti, Latv. mìzt `urinate', and is, in my opinion, sparsely attested in Slavic. On account of their semantic similarity, the above-mentioned Slavic verbs meaning `to drizzle' are sometimes connected with mỹžti etc. I think that the Slavic etyma listed above show that verbs like *mьžiti are best grouped together with *mьglà. A more complicated issue is the relationship between words meaning `mist, drizzle' (*meigʰ- B `dunkel vor den Augen werden, Nebel, Wolke' in Pokorny) and words meaning `blink, twinkle' (*meigʰ- A `flimmern, blinzeln, micāre'), which I discuss s.v. mȋgъ. Since there is no obvious semantic link between these groups, Trubačëv basically tries to keep them apart, e.g. *mьžiti I `blink, twinkle' vs. *mьžiti II `drizzle' (but Ru.(dial.) mža `doze; drizzle; said about smth. which vanished rapidly' without further distinctions). It is not entirely clear how the meanings `doze, drowsiness' and `swarm (with) `fit in. LSrb. migoriś se `move to and fro, swarm with; drizzle' (Schuster-Šewc 907) is matched by MoDu. (dial.) miggelen (miegelen) `drizzle; swarm with'. Ru.(dial.) mžit' `doze, be delirious' is mentioned by Trubačëv s.v. *mьžiti I, but a connection with *mьžiti I cannot be excluded, cf. SCr. míždati `drizzle, doze', MoHG drisseln `drizzle, doze', drusen `doze', drussig `clouded', Lith. blañdas `sleepiness; cloudiness' (cf. Merkulova 1975: 59). Discussing the origin of the meaning `doze' is essentially the same as establishing the semantic connection between Slavic *mьg- and Lith. miẽgas `sleep', mìgt `sleep, fall asleep', miegóti `sleep' etc. Fraenkel (I 447) considers the meaning of miegóti to have evolved from `close one's eyes' (cf. Kern 1894: 109). This seems plausible indeed. On the other hand, there are parallels for a connection between `sleep' and `cloud', e.g. Av. snaođa- `cloud' vs. Lith. snáusti `doze' or OIr. nél `cloud; swoon, faintness, stupor' (cf. Merkulova 1975: 58-59). As long as there is no evidence for a formal distinction between the roots of *mьglà and *mȋgъ, I think that we must depart from a single root h₃meigʰ-.Other cognates:Skt. meghá- (RV) `cloud, gloomy weather';Skt. míh- (RV, TS) `haze, rain' [f];Notes: -
9 děti
I. děti I Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `do, say'Page in Trubačev: IV 229-230Old Church Slavic:dějati `do, say' [verb], dějǫ [1sg];děti sę `get to, disappear' [verb], deždǫ sę [1sg] \{1\};-děti `do, say' [verb], -dějǫ [1sg], -deždǫ [1sg], -děnǫ [1sg]Russian:déjat' (dial.) `do, make' [verb], déju [1sg]Czech:díti (obs.) `speak' [verb]Old Czech:Polish:dziać `weave, knit (arch.), do' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:djȅti `do, say' [verb], djȅdēm [1sg], djȅnēm [1sg];djȅsti (Vuk) `do, say' [verb], djȅdēm [1sg], djȅnēm [1sg]Slovene:dẹjáti `do, say' [verb], dẹ̑jem [1sg];dẹjáti `place, put, do, say' [verb], dẹ̑m [1sg];dẹjáti `place, put' [verb], dẹ́nem [1sg], dę́nem [1sg];dẹ́ti `place, put, do, say' [verb], dẹ̑m [1sg]Lithuanian:dė́ti `lay, put' [verb], dẽda [3ps];Latvian:Indo-European reconstruction: dʰeh₁-Page in Pokorny: 235Other cognates:Skt. dádhāti `put, place, make' [verb];Notes:\{1\} The SJS gives děti sę, 1sg. deždǫ sę, 2sg. deždeši sę (Hilf., Venc.). The latter text does not belong to the Old Church Slavic canon. The quoted passages do not show that the present stem dežd- occurs in Hilf. \{2\} In his Old Czech dictionary, Gebauer has děti, děju `do' and děti, děju `speak, say'. In his Czech historical grammar (III.2: 228), however, he says that deju `I speak' is not attested and claims that the attested 1sg. diem is an innovation.II. děti II Grammatical information: Nompf. Proto-Slavic meaning: `children'Page in Trubačev: V 14Old Church Slavic:děti `children' [Nompf]Russian:déti `children' [Nom p]Czech:děti `children' [Nom p]Slovak:Polish:Slovincian:ʒìe̯cä `children' [Nom p]Bulgarian:déti (dial.) `children' [Nom p]Page in Pokorny: 241Comments: A derivative of the root * dʰeh₁-, cf. Latv. dę̂ls `son', dêt `suck'. The singular *dětь is hardly attested. The common singular of the word for `child' is -> *dětę, wehere the suffix *-t- was enlarged with the suffix *-ę < *- ent-, which is frequent in designations of young living creatures.Other cognates: -
10 màkъ
màkъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `poppy'Page in Trubačev: XVII 149-151Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:mák `poppy' [m o]Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:mȁk `poppy' [m o], mȁka [Gens], màka [Gens];Čak. mȁk (Vrgada) `poppy' [m o], makȁ [Gens]Slovene:màk `poppy' [m o], máka [Gens]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: ?Lithuanian:aguonà `poppy' [f ā] 2;mãguonė (dial.) `poppy' [f ē] 1 \{1\}Latvian:Old Prussian:IE meaning: poppyCertainty: -Page in Pokorny: 698Comments: The Germanic forms show grammatischer Wechsel as well as an alternation *ā: a. The vocalism, which could reflect PIE *eh₁: h₁, does not match the ā of the Greek and the Slavic forms, which leads us to assume that the vowel alternation arose when at a comparatively late stage the root māk- was borrowed into Germanic (cf. Kluge 1989, 484). The Lithuanian and Latvian forms are usually considered borrowings from Germanic, whereas OPr. moke may have been borrowed from Polish. The Estonian and Livonian forms must be borrowings from Baltic, probably Latvian. It is generally agreed upon that ultimately we are dealing with a word of non-Indo-European (Mediterranean?) origin.Other cognates:Dor. μά̑κων `poppy' [f];Notes:\{1\} Besides, we find the variants maguona and magūna. The forms with m are restricted to the area around Klaipėda. \{2\} I have found the variants magùona2, magana, magane and magūne. \{3\} The initial m of the word for `poppy' was apparently lost in Lithuanian but not in Latvian. The Lithuanian dialect forms with m- may be due to the influence of the (Latvian) language of the fishermen of the Couronian Isthmus (cf. Būga RR III: 320). Sabaliauskas suggests dissimilatory loss of m, parallel to the loss of r in arotai: rarotai, akrūtas: rakrūtas, Latv. ruodere: uodere, ūk̨eris (1960, 71-72). \{4\} The first element means `sleep', cf. Nw. dial. vale `deep sleep', Sw. dial. valbjörn `Schlafdorn'.
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